| MEDICATION
generic and trade name drug classification |
Medication Mechanism of
Action |
Common
Side Effects |
Pertinent
Nursing Implications & Patient Teaching |
| Ibuprofen
Classification: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
|
Non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor: Inhibits cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase two isoenzymes, leading to decreased prostaglandin synthesis. COX enzyme in the arachidonic pathway converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 and prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX enzymes, therefore, blocks the arachidonic pathway, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis (Ngo & Bajaj, 2022). | – Epigastric pain
– Tinnitus – Heartburn – Dizziness – Rash – Nausea – Vomiting – Constipation – Edema – Headache – Agranulocytosis – Acute renal failure |
– Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction.
– Advise the patient to take oral ibuprofen with food to prevent gastrointestinal adverse effects such as heartburn and epigastric pain. – Advise the patient to take ibuprofen as prescribed. |
| Methotrexate
Classification: Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite
|
Dihydrofolic acid reductase inhibitor: purine and pyrimidine are required for DNA synthesis. Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase required for DNA synthesis and, therefore, inhibits DNA synthesis, cellular replication, and DNA repair (Hannoodee & Mittal, 2022). | – Hyperuricemia
– Nausea and vomiting – Arachnoiditis when administered through the intrathecal route – Glossitis – Reddening of the skin – Leukopenia – Renal failure – Azotemia – Ulcerative stomatitis – Anorexia – Mucositis depending on the dose of methotrexate – Thrombocytopenia – Leukopenia – Nephropathy
|
– Monitor the patient for signs of infection and bone marrow suppression.
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